3. Numerical quadrature and differentiation Numerical differentiation: back/forward, central, general, higher order. Errors. Numerical Integration: Newton-Côtes formulae. Errors. Adaptive integration.
4. Direct methods for linear systems of equations Linear systems, stability: condition number. Triangular systems. Gaussian elimination. Pivoting. Computing determinants and matrix inverses. Conditioning. Orthogonalization methods and improved methods.
5. Nonlinear equations and nonlinear systems Nonlinear equations: Mean-value theorem, number of roots in an interval. Bisection, Secant, Newton-Raphson. Fixed-point methods. Convergence order. Error analysis. Nonlinear systems. Accelerated, Taylor and interpolation methods.
6. Linear least squares problems Least-squares, normal equations. Regression. Normal equations and QR method. Overdetermined systems. Applications.