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Introduction. Dimensional Analysis - Definition of a turbomachine. Different kinds and applications. - Main defining variables, dimensions and fluid properties. Units. - Dimensional analysis and performance laws. Compressible flow analysis. Specific speed: machine selection. Model testing.
Fluid mechanics and thermodynamics equations - Equations in integral form. - Euler equations for turbomachines. - Definition of Rothalpy. - Definition of adiabatic / polytropic efficiency. Enthalpy-entropy diagrams. - Equations in differential form.
Axial flow turbines: two-dimensional stage theory - Dimensional analysis of a single turbine stage. Velocity triangles, loading and flow parameters, reaction. Repeating stage hypothesis. - Thermodynamics of a turbine stage. Total-to-total stage efficiency. Row loss-stage efficiency relation - Reaction. Effect on efficiency. Optimum reaction - Smith chart. Empirical versus reversible. - Flow characteristics of a multistage turbine. - Stress/Cooling/Detailed design. Design criteria.
Axial flow compressors and fans: two-dimensional stage theory - Dimensional analysis of a single compressor stage. Velocity triangles, loading and flow parameters, reaction. Repeating stage hypothesis. - Thermodynamics of a compressor stage. Total-to-total stage efficiency. Row loss-stage efficiency relation. - Loading-Flow coefficient chart. Reaction choice. Lift and Drag in terms of ¿ and ¿. Diffusion Factor and solidity selection. Estimation of compressor efficiency. Simplify off-design performance. - Blade element theory. - Stall and surge phenomena.
Three-dimensional flow in Axial Turbomachines - Theory of radial equilibrium. The indirect problem: free-vortex flow, forced-vortex flow, general whirl distribution. The direct problem. - Compressible flow through a blade-row. - Constant specific mass flow. - Off-design performance of a stage (free-vortex turbine). - Actuator disc approach. Blade-row interactions. Computer methods solving through-flow problem. - Secondary flows. Loss, angles and helicity. - Three-dimensional losses. Types and models. - Three-dimensional design features. Lean, sweep and bow.
Centrifugal compressors, fans and pumps - Introduction and definitions. Centrifugal compressor parts. - Theoretical analysis of a centrifugal compressor. Dimension-less performance parameters. Inlet, impeller and diffuser equations. - Optimum design of a centrifugal compressor inlet. - Radial flow turbo-machine blading design/selection - Slip factor. Correlations. - Performance of centrifugal compressors. - Diffuser system. Vane and vane-less diffusers. - Chocking in centrifugal compressor stage.
Radial turbines - Introduction. Types of inward flow radial turbine. - Thermodynamics of the 90 degrees IFR turbine - Basic rotor design. Rotor efficiency definition. Mach number relations. Loss coefficients. - Optimum efficiency considerations. Minimum number of blades. - Design criteria. Pressure ratio limits.
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